Formation programmes vary enormously and can range from five to seven years depending on the nature and background of the candidate. While programmes can be tailored to the needs of the individual they generally involve the candidate receiving substantial education in philosophy and theology. Along with his intellectual formation time also needs to be given to forming the seminarian as a pastoral minister, spiritually mature and capable to ministering in a human way.

The years of training include significant times of discernment about the vocation to priesthood. Following this time of preparation and discernment, the Bishop may call the candidate to ordination.